Apr 252019
 

Chris Ray Gun posted a video of a “debate” he had live during a video game stream with his friend Todd where they discussed what to do with all the Earth’s trash. “Shoot it into the sun” was the suggestion raised. Now, on one hand as an aerospace engineer with an understanding of orbital mechanics, I can assure you that this is a *bad* idea. On the other hand, as someone who was once *not* an aerospace engineer with an understanding of orbital mechanics, I can remember when this sort of idea seemed like it might be worth doing. Hell, I remember a junior high exercise where I was on a team that argued in favor of shooting nuclear waste into a black hole to be rid of it (ah, to be young and incredibly naive again…). So, some regular non-aerospace people debating shooting trash into the sun? I have no cause to jump up and down and point and holler.

But there is some other incredible ignorance shown here, such as a complete lack of knowledge not only of what space probes we’ve actually launched, but also a complete lack of understanding of the scale of the solar system. Our boy Chris is not terribly knowledgeable,  but Todd is just dead wrong. And he’s so wrong that Chris’s over the top visceral reaction to his wrongness just struck a whole lot of chords.

When the other guy is so wrong that you have no choice but to run around the room and hurl a chair…

This is an urge I can empathize with. Whenever confronted with astrologers and anti-vaxxers and socialists and gun grabbers and young-Earth creationists and faith healers 9/11 truthers and televangelists and politicians who worry about Guam tipping over, the urge to turn into a human-scale Brownian motion demonstrator complete with ballistic furniture is very, very high.

“The Space Debate” is eight and a half minutes. Chris starts to freak out at about 3:40.

 

Note: Earth’s orbital speed around the sun is about 30 kilometers per second. If you want to dump trash into the Sun, you need to impart a velocity change you your garbage-package of at least that much. Think of it this way: you’re nonchalantly floating in Earths orbit around the sun, when all of a sudden you are slowed a little bit in your orbit. Do you plummet into the sun? No, your orbit simply changes a little bit, becoming more elliptical. If you want to get all the way to the sun, you basically have to cancel *all* of your orbital velocity. And to do that from the surface of the Earth you also have to factor in Earths escape velocity (~11 km/sec): if you don’t exceed that, then you’ll either stay in orbit around Earth, or fall back to Earth. So if you want to shot garbage (or anything else) to the Sun, you’ll need to shoot it at about 41 km/sec. Getting from the Earth to the moon, in contrast, takes ~16 km/sec. so it would be a whole lot easier to launch garbage at the moon. Not to mention that on the moon, garbage would be *awesome.* Lunar inhabitants would fight over the latest batch of untreated sewage from Bangladesh.

 

 Posted by at 11:00 am
Apr 252019
 

(I thought that I had posted something about this before, but an exhaustive five-second search didn’t pull it up)

In the mid-1960’s the US Air Force became interested in solid rocket motors that you could not only throttle on command but also stop and then start again. Motors like this would, it was assumed, be quite useful for ICBM upper stages, varying the range of the missiles as well as tinkering with the otherwise ballistic – and thus predictable and interceptable – trajectories of the warhead-carrying bus.

The usual accepted wisdom holds that solid rocket motors cannot be stopped once started. This is quite wrong: you can stop them by flooding them with an inert fluid such as water, but this of course requires a pretty substantial mass of an otherwise useless substance. Or you can “blow them out” by suddenly greatly increasing the total throat area. If you can drop the internal pressure by several tens of thousands of PSI per second, the combustion zone will lift off away from the surface of the propellant far enough that the propellant will cease to boil and combust, and the motor will shut down. It can then be restarted by firing off another igniter, similar to the one originally used to get the motor going.

Several US rocket companies responded the the USAF. Shown below are two small Aviation Week articles describing two motor designs put forward. Both operated using an adjustable pintle: basically a plug that *almost* fills the throat. When closed down the throat area is low, and the chamber pressure is high; as the pintle moves away from the throat, the throat area very quickly gets far greater and chamber pressure drops. Done quickly and with full contraction, the combustion should cease; done slowly, with shorter strokes, the throat area will change less drastically and the motor can be throttled up and down. Testing showed that the idea worked as advertised. But the motors had all the performance of a solid rocket with all the cost of a liquid, with all the weight of a forklift added on; it simply wasn’t a practical solution. Storable liquid propellant rockets are more typically used on the upper stages of ICBM for fine trajectory control. Pintle nozzles are, however, often used on solid propellant kinetic kill vehicles.

 

 

 Posted by at 2:26 am
Apr 242019
 

Often times I’m all in favor of decriminalizing things. If the “crime” breaks no legs and picks no pockets, then I have a hard time seeing why it’s any of the governments business. So the Dallas, Texas, District Attorney John Creuzot’s recent plan on decriminalizing marijuana possession? Fine, great, wonderful. But there’s something else that I, and a *lot* of other people, do have a problem with:

Dallas County District Attorney’s Office to Dismiss Many Misdemeanor, State Jail Felony Cases

Theft of Necessary Items

Creuzot said his office will not prosecute theft cases where the value is under $750 unless the evidence shows the theft was for economic gain.

“Study after study shows that when we arrest, jail, and convict people for non-violent crimes committed out of necessity, we only prevent that person from gaining the stability necessary to lead a law-abiding life. Criminalizing poverty is counter-productive for our community’s health and safety,” Creuzot said.

Basically, he wants to legalize the theft of food and diapers and the like. If you owned a small grocery store in his jurisdiction… wouldn’t you consider packing up and closing your doors?

Not only is this economically insane (by legalizing theft, it’s essentially back-door communism), it’s also quite insulting. Just because someone is poor doesn’t mean they’re fricken’ thieves. You do not “criminalize poverty” when you make it illegal to steal stuff; you’re criminalizing theft. But the DA here sees no difference between the poor and thieves.

I look forward to watching his run for the Dem Presidential nomination with interest.

 Posted by at 6:35 pm
Apr 242019
 

Sigh.

Nickelodeon’s CG-Animated Star Trek Show Will Follow a Group of Teens Aboard Their Own Ship

The show itself will follow “a group of lawless teens” wandering the Star Trek universe seeking “adventure, meaning and salvation” after they come across their own ship, in the form of a derelict Starfleet vessel.

Meh.

As much as I’d love to see a new Trek series, I’d prefer if they’d wait until the rights issues all get resolved so they could make a *real* Trek series, not this half-assed semi-but-not-really-Trek trek they’ve been spewing forth since 2009.

 

 

 Posted by at 5:25 pm
Apr 232019
 

This is a short (5 minute) film that was low on budget yet told a more interesting story than any number of seasons of many modern high-budget series. I won’t give it away except to say it’s based on kind of a sci-fi idea, but one that I could see coming to pass with sufficient AI development. Vaguely akin to “Person of Interest.”

 Posted by at 5:17 pm
Apr 232019
 

A time-compressed video of a Tesla going on a journey completely autonomously. I noticed no pedestrians, and the course seemed pretty calm, but, still, I could certainly use something like this for long-distance travel. Anyone want to buy me a self-driving Tesla? My needs are few… it needs to have a 300+ mile range, the ability to recharge in under five minutes and, of course, I’d really prefer the “non-exploding” option.

 Posted by at 1:18 pm
Apr 232019
 

The 20th anniversary of the Columbine high school massacre in Littleton, Colorado, was a few days ago. When it happened, I worked in Lakewood, Colorado, ten or fifteen miles up the road; as memory serves productivity that day kinda ground to a halt as we listened to events on the radio. But then, productivity was never really all that good at that place on days when the boss was in the office, since he made it kind of a “toxic” environment (i.e. he was a dick).

Columbine was perhaps the first of the “modern” mass shootings in America. It seemed novel at the time, but would seem kinda meh today. This is not due to the availability of firearms, which have *always* been available, but more likely due to the media. Prior to Columbine, the internet barely existed and the 24-hour news cycle was still relatively new and novel; if an event like this had occurred a decade earlier, it would have gotten coverage on the evening news and the next days paper, and that would have been about it. But in 1999, CNN was all over this, 24/7. So it became fodder for other messed-up whackaloons.

Sadly, the events of Columbine have generated a wide-ranging set of factually inaccurate mythologies, including just what kind of people the shooters were, what their motives were, what their actual plan was (bombings, not shootings.. the guns were just backup), and rather bizarrely, the existence and religious importance of “martyrs.” The video below, by the always interesting “Ask A Mortician” channel, covers a lot of these myths… and continues to trot some of them out in the process, such as blaming the ready availability of “high power guns” for the incident. The guns actually used were shotguns and nine millimeters (and cheap, crappy ones at that), not a rifle in the bunch; and as the prior Oklahoma City Bombing and the Sri Lankan Church bombings from a few days ago show, if you really want to rack up the bodycount, you use bombs, not guns. Had those behind Columbine actually been competent bomb makers (and they weren’t), the body count would have been far, far higher.

Many myths persist because they are useful to someone. The martyrdom story helped a family grieve, and helped a *lot* of people make bank. Blaming this on guns helps those who wish to disarm and enfeeble the citizenry. Blaming this on certain musicians or video games helps those who don’t like certain musicians or video games. Other myths are errors that persist, I guess, because they sound good: these guys were goths (they weren’t), or cheesed off at being incels (the leader of the two was apparently quite the ladies man), or were part of the “trenchcoat mafia” (they weren’t… and BTW I had *just* bought a $200 leather trenchcoat myself that I wound up almost never wearing again because of this).

 

 Posted by at 10:15 am
Apr 222019
 

A few years ago, I started a new category of post: the “After The End” series, based on the notion of “what would be the logical or likely developments to follow after the credits roll on such-and-such a movie.” I did “San Andreas” and “The Day the Earth Stood Still,” and then… well, you know how it is. So here we are four years later and what the hell.

The first of those was a disaster movie. While terribly unlikely in its scope, it is at least *kinda* realistic… sorta. The second was a science fiction film…. and not a terribly good one. So how to follow that up? How about 1980’s campy “Flash Gordon,” which some might call sci-fi but which is very clearly fantasy. The “science” aspect of it is truly, phenomenally laughable. You’ve got “bird men” who are capable of powered flight using wings that are not only terribly small, but quite inflexible and barely flap. You’ve got planets separated by seemingly short distances… with space filled with breathable atmosphere. You’ve got a main villain with truly Q-like powers… who is seemingly killed by getting stabbed. It is wholly ridiculous. But then… it’s *meant* to be ridiculous. Trying to make it make sense logically is an exercise in uselessness.

But then… what is nerd-dom without exercises in uselessness? So, what the hell. Let’s try to make Flash Gordon make some kind of logical sense, and figure out what might happen next.

First off there’s the whole problem that all of the “Mongo System” is utterly impossible by known physics. Planets that get blasted to bits don’t maintain proper gravity on their remaining surfaces. Bubbles of breathable air hundreds of thousands or perhaps millions of miles in diameter either collapse under gravity to form a gas giant, or puff out into a thin vacuum-like haze, depending upon the total mass. And such systems don’t wander about the universe like a hippie in a VW micro-bus looking for adventure.

One could posit levels of technology and power so advanced as to make such things possible. Clarke famously suggested that any sufficiently advanced technology would be indistinguishable from magic, so perhaps that’s what’s going on here. But it’s clear that the technological level that permits Mongo to exists is far in advance of the technology in use by the citizens and military of Mongo. So… perhaps Ming is essentially the Squire of Gothos, a nearly – but not quite – godlike entity with access to hyper-advanced technologies that push him to “virtually godlike” in power. And being a dick, he uses that power to play a minor deity for a group of beings that he keeps at a much lower tech level. Beings that in many ways would seem to rely upon that techno-magic for their very existence. The “bird men” for instance violate not only evolutionary principles, but *physics.* You could genetically engineer a human with wings, but *those* craptastic clunkers could barely stir up enough of a breeze to stir the dust, never mind lift a man of substantial mass like Prince Vultan off the ground. And there are other beings that seem to violate standard evolution, such as the “lizard men,” who seem to have been created on a whim by a minor deity of limited creativity but some substantial cruelty.

At the end of the movie, Ming gets run through by a metal spike. He seemingly suffers, but instead of flopping over dead he vanishes in a puff of bad special effects, drawn into the oversized gaudy ring he wore which then falls to the floor. The numerous witnesses to this event rather oddly then pay the ring no further attention and go on about their business, leaving the ring in the dust… to be picked up at the last by a hand apparently attached to someone with the same laugh as Ming. This, of course, indicates that Ming isn’t dead and will return in the sequel which never happened. Whether this was meant to be Ming physically reconstituted, or his “spirit” possessing some random schmoe, or a clone of his popped out of the tank for just this eventuality, is not only not made clear, it’s not speculated on. But it does fit in with the “Squire of Gothos” idea: the ring itself is either the source of the techno-magic, or is a conduit to it.

So on one hand, it might have been a good idea for someone to stomp the ring into bits. This would presumably keep Ming from returning. But then… if the ring is the actual mechanism running the “magic,” stomping it might cause it to explode rather spectacularly. And of course the giant bubble of breathable air will go “poof,” all the worlds of the Mongo system which had been happily floating motionlessly a few hundred or a few thousand miles apart from each other will come crashing down, the bird-men will find that their wings don’t work, the rocket ships will fall out of the sky or explode, the atomic generators underground will melt down and turn the planet into a small nova.

So destroying the ring might not be a good idea, but it seems like maybe it would have been smart to pick it up and lock it into a safe deposit box or something.

 

All this leads me to the thing that interests me most in the “what happens next” part. What the frak happened to Earth? Early in the movie it’s made clear that the Moon has been moved out of its orbit. Earthquakes and storms result, and then the action moves off Earth, never to return. But in standard Hollywood fashion, the Evil Villain is planning on destroying Earth by dropping the Moon onto it and is of course stopped at the “1 second on the countdown clock” mark. The hell does that even *mean?* Clearly the moon is already in motion, being shoved ahead of its normal trajectory early on. So if the moon is being moved onto a  trajectory which will cause actual impact, stopping the process *1* second from completion doesn’t really buy anyone anything… ok, maybe the moon misses Earth by a hundred miles. Whoopee… this means that the Moon will not only be torn apart by gravitational stresses, the *Earth* will be massively distorted. Never mind the massive chunks of the Moon that will come raining down… the surface of the Earth will be a massive planet-wide pool of liquid-hot magma. It would be cool to look at: an incandescent world with a chunky ring system. But there’s no saving the Earth here.

So maybe it means something else. Rather than the moon being nudged closer and closer to Earth, it is simply moving about its normal orbit at a faster and logically incomprehensible rate. And that the plan was when the countdown reached zero, *then* it would, say, *stop* in its orbit and then plummet 240,000 miles for a direct impact with Earth. So by stopping one second early, the moon is still in a (more or less) circular orbit far above. This would leave Earth intact… sorta. The moon puttering around its orbit would, as was suggested in the movie by Ming himself, mess with the tides and likely would cause an uptick in earthquakes. I don’t know if they’d be the sort of worldwide upheaval quakes with would topple all the cites and sink all the coasts, but it would doubtless be noticeable.

How would humanity deal with this? Well, being the rational beings we are, we’d promptly lose our fricken’ minds. The Moon going goofy, along with all the other mysteries Ming tossed at us, would doubtless cause religious whackoism on an unprecedented scale. Existing religions would go bugnuts… “some people would do some things.” And all-new religions would pop up. There’s no evidence that any knowledge of Ming himself has trickled to Earth, so a Ming-based religion is unlikely. But… Dr. Hans Zarkov has seen this coming. Additionally, he has built a rocketship – presumably based on technology available in 1980, likely sourced from SPECTRE and Drax Industries – that is able to reach the outer limits of the Mongo system in seemingly a matter of a few minutes. But if we assume that it is *really* advanced, and accelerates *really* hard for a long time (indicated by that goofy peddle), then perhaps Our Heros were knocked unconscious for a period of a few hours while the ship accelerated at five or six gees, going well past the Moon.

It seems likely that the Mongo System, no longer being steered by Ming, is now in orbit around the Sun, somewhere, say, between the orbits of Earth and Mars. I assume that the various worlds of Mongo are relatively tiny, Moon-sized or smaller, but there’d be no friggen’ hiding them *now.*

So… what happens now?

1: The people of Earth go bugnuts. Mongo would be visible  as a diffuse hazy circle perhaps approaching the visible diameter of the moon, with a number of bright little worldlets within.

2: Some cities fall, economies collapse, likely some wars pop up. But the Soviets and Americans can clearly see Mongo out there, say, 20 million miles away. They can’t see it with orbital telescopes, because nothing is left in a  stable orbit after the Moon went nuts.

3: With luck Cape Canaveral is still more or less intact. Within a few years NASA will be able to launch the Shuttle. Doubtless the Soviets will be able to fly Soyuz and Proton launchers sooner. But manned missions are still a while away, unless NASA builds another one of Zarkov’s ships.

4: Earth should be clearly visible from Mongo. On one hand you’d think that they’d be able to send a ship to Earth… but those rocketships are *not* good spacecraft by any measure. It may well be that none of them are capable of traversing the vacuum of space. But Zarkov *should* be able to rig up radio communications systems.

5: Sooner or later, Zarkov will establish comms with Earth, and will explain what happened. The people of earth, being rational beings, will promptly lose their damned minds *again.*

6: There will be a space race to send missions to Mongo. Some will doubtless want to conquer the joint, but even Moonraker shuttles filled with Space Marines are not going to be adequate to the task. So efforts will most likely be devoted to diplomatic and trade expeditions, with a whole lot of “let’s take a look at their tech.”

7: Zarkov will greet the delegations from Earth and will have to break the news that Mongo tech is indecipherable gibberish. Chances are *real* good that not a bit of it will work at all once removed from the air bubble, the presumed limit to the techno-magic field. A few bits and pieces will doubtless function… but if the spaceships from Earth take back some citizens of Mongo, such as the bird men, very, very bad things might happen to them on the way.

8: The lack of true usefulness of Mongo-tech will stifle a lot of interest in the place. Of course scientists, from physicists to anthropologists and geneticists and historians, will want to crawl all over the place. As spaceflight tech advances in response, doubtless religious missionaries will go there to convert the people of Mongo, likely to be met with a bit of opposition. The National Geographic will send armies of photographers, as will Playboy. But it is unlikely that the Soviet Union and the United States will go to war to gain control over the resources of Mongo, since they’re useless *away* from Mongo. The biggest mystery will of course be the techno-magic, but it will likely be centuries at least before human science advances enough to even begin to hope to understand it, much less utilize it.

9: Assuming terrestrial humanity and the people of Mongo can get along, doubtless there would be efforts by Terrans to colonize the worlds of Mongo. Some people would want to live like the natives; some would want to take some disused part of some world and turn it into New Vegas. If the Mongo-ites (Mongo-ians?) aren’t careful, they’ll soon have late-90’s Donald Trump building towers all over the place. Fortunately the decor of gold *everywhere* should fit in well. It seems unlikely that too many Mongo-icans will want to move to Earth. Of course, slavery seems to have been popular there, so perhaps there’d be a built-in desire to get the hell out and go somewhere where they could be free to work minimum wage jobs at the Circle K, or poke seeds into the dirt. Medical tourism seems likely to be popular: go to Mongo, they can probably cure your cancer no sweat. Whether it will come back the moment your shuttle leaves the techno-magic bubble… shrug.

 

Not, perhaps, the deepest of deep thoughts.

 Posted by at 11:45 pm